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Bipolar Spectrum

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The Bipolar Spectrum  A Review of Current Concepts and Implications for the Management of Depression in Primary Care  Archives of Family Medicine  1998 J. Sloan Manning, MD; Pamela D. Connor, PhD; Anjali Sahai, MD  Patients with bipolar disorders are at risk for treatment complications caused by the administration of antidepressants without the concurrent use of mood stabilizers Long article includes descriptions and tables of characteristics of affective temperaments ( hyperthermic, dysthemic, cyclothemic and irritable) which they describe as being warning signs. When distressed, impaired, or disabled patients have these premorbid or interepisodic characteristics when they seek treatment, the astute clinician will be wary of the potential implications for diagnosis and management-somatically and psychotherapeutically The Spectrum of Bipolarity Hagop S. Akiskal, MD, and Charles L. Bowden, MD American Psychiatric Association 153rd Annual Meeting Day 3 - May 16, 2000 medscape Evidence for a  prevalence of up to 5% of population  if you include softer forms of the bipolar spectrum (fixed link) Clinical Validation of The Bipolar Spectrum- Focus on Hypomania, Cyclothymia, and Hyperthymia Hagop S. Akiskal MD 154th Annual Meeting of the American Psychiatric Association medscape 2001 Complex Bipolarity- Focus on Temperament and Mixed States  Hagop S. Akiskal MD   153rd annual meeting of the American Psychiatric Association May 2000 medscape fixed link Rapid Cycling DMDA of Greeneville Rapid cycling Mood Disorders Association of Ontario Update on Bipolar Disorder: Epidemiology, Etiology, Diagnosis, and Prognosis   Charles L. Bowden, MD, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio reprint of a 1997Medscape article The lifetime risk in most countries is reported as 1% to 1.5%, and is probably around 2% when bipolar II symptomatology is included Familial-Genetic Principles for Validating the Bipolar Spectrum: Their Application in Clinical Practice Hagop S. Akiskal, MD   medscape CME It is important to consider soft bipolarity in the listed conditions, because such patients often respond poorly to antidepressant monotherapy   XII World Congress of Psychiatry Bipolar Disorder CME  August 24 - 29, 2002, Yokohama, Japan Across the Bipolar Spectrum: From Practice to Research Martin L. Korn, MD   Bipolar overview Internet Mental Health. Includes links to information on medication and weight gain side effects. Also a list of people diagnosed with Bipolar disorder. Good overview. Bipolar II The Depressive Phase of Bipolar Disorder- Focus on Bipolar II Akiskal 154th Annual meeting APA medscape 2001 A recent study by Benazzi[14] demonstrated that irritability, distractibility, and racing thoughts were the most common hypomanic features during depression, mostly among bipolar II depressives At the end of the article there is a table summarizing the differences between Bipolar and Unipolar depressions Bipolar II: Guidelines for Health Care Providers James R. Phelps, M.D. Samaritan Mental Health Corvallis, OR. Includes a complete list of mood stabilizers and a discussion on the effects of steroids. Mood swings but not manic An extensive discription of Bipolar II disorder which includes discussion of mixed states and by inference dysphoric mania states